冲击波致伤作用实验研究进展

原发冲击伤是爆炸产生的冲击波直接作用于生物体而引起的。各种生物激波管和其它冲击波发生装置的研制大大促进了冲击波致伤作用的实验研究的开展。通过将多种动物、离体器官以及培养的细胞暴露于冲击波,获得了大量的原发冲击伤实验研究结果。作者在简述冲击波的基本物理学特征的基础上,着重概括了生物激波管研制和原发冲击伤实验研究方法及其主要进展。     

吸毒者的社会支持及与心身健康水平的相关分析

毒品滥用已成为严重社会问题 ,并已引起医学界、心理学界及社会各界的关注。吸毒者的吸毒行为除与他们自身心理特征有关外 ,还与许多因素有关。如失业、缺乏家庭温暖、精神空虚、孤独 ,对生活失去热情和信心等。研究认为 ,社会支持系统不良是导致多种心理卫生问题的重要原因之一 ,也是吸毒成瘾及复吸的主要原因[1,2 ] 。本研究运用社会支持量表和症状自评量表对一组吸毒者的社会支持状况及与心理健康的关系作初步研究 ,旨在为吸毒者实施心理治疗及作戒毒后回归社会的跟进服务提供参考。1　资料与方法1.1　调查对象1.1.1　吸毒组　选择长沙市…     

糖尿病小鼠对流感病毒灭活疫苗的免疫应答

目的用不同剂量的流感病毒灭活疫苗免疫糖尿病小鼠,检测糖尿病小鼠对流感疫苗的免疫应答.方法利用一次性大剂量注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)的方法,建成昆明小鼠糖尿病模型,用流感病毒灭活疫苗免疫正常小鼠和糖尿病小鼠,用3.0、1.5、1.0、0.5和0.1μg的剂量,免疫一次后间隔3周,再加强免疫一次,分别取血用ELISA法测免疫一次和免疫两次后的IgG抗体.结果用3.0、1.5、1.0、0.5和0.1μg的剂量免疫后,无论是免疫一次还是加强免疫后,糖尿病小鼠产生的抗体量均低于正常小鼠产生的抗体量.结论糖尿病小鼠由于自身免疫机制缺陷,对抗原免疫原性反应较正常小鼠差.     

Study of autosomal STR loci with IBS method in full sibling identification

Objective: We investigated the application of 51 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci with the identity by state (IBS) method and a discriminant function algorithm in full-sib identification. Methods: A total of 342 pairs of full sibs (FSs) and 3900 pairs of unrelated individuals (UIs) were genotyped for 51 STR loci. Groups were formed in accordance with discrimination power (DP) values and the number of loci, and IBS scores of FSs and UIs were analyzed and compared. The discriminant functions of FS-UI were determined by using the Fisher discriminant with SPSS software. Results: All IBS in FSs and UIs groups showed normal distributions and there were significant differences between FS-UI. Receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that the detection efficiency of full-sib identification was affected by both the locus polymorphism and the number of loci detected. Comparing the rate of false positive and false negative of discriminant function between groups, a higher average DP value and larger number of loci detected were associated with a lower rate of miscarriage of justice and were more helpful for full-sib identification. Conclusion: STRs with higher DP values should be selected when additional autosomal markers are required for FS identification. Discriminant analysis with the IBS method is highly applicable for the FS-UI test.     

Development of Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccines against Outbreaks of H5N1 Influenza

Several global outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus have increased the urgency of developing effective and safe vaccines against H5N1. Compared with H5N1 inactivated vaccines used widely, H5N1 live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) have advantages in vaccine efficacy, dose-saving formula, long-lasting effect, ease of administration and some cross-protective immunity. Furthermore, H5N1 LAIVs induce both humoral and cellular immune responses, especially including improved IgA production at the mucosa. The current trend of H5N1 LAIVs development is toward cold-adapted, temperature-sensitive or replication-defective vaccines, and moreover, H5N1 LAIVs plus mucosal adjuvants are promising candidates. This review provides an update on the advantages and development of H5N1 live-attenuated influenza vaccines.     

Tri-allelic patterns of STRs and partially homologous non-sister chromatid crossover observed in a parentage test

A maternity testing case is reported, in which the child showed tri-allelic patterns in two short tandem repeat (STR) loci. The genotypes of Penta D of the mother and the child were 9,13 and 9,10,13, respectively. Those of D21S11 were 32.2,35 and 29,35, respectively, but intensity ratio of alleles 29 and 35 of the child was 1:2. These results suggested the copy number variations (CNVs) or trisomy of chromosome 21. By further examination using STR-based chromosome aneuploidy detection kit, three alleles were detected in D21S1411, LFG21 and Penta D, and 2 alleles with intensity ratio of 1:2 were observed in D21S2502, D21S1435, D21S11 and D21S1246. Karyotype and whole-genome SNP array analyses showed that the child had a free trisomy 21. In addition, partially homologous non-sister chromatid crossover occurred at the region 19181770-39499178 on the long arm of chromosome 21.     

Sinecatechins Ointment 15% for the Treatment of External Genital Warts

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States. External genital warts (EGWs) are a commonly seen clinical manifestation of infection with certain strains of the HPV virus, particularly HPV types 6 and 11. Current treatments for the destruction and elimination of EGWs include in -office, provider -delivered therapy and patient -applied medications. Sinecatechins ointment 15% is the newest FDA -approved patient -applied treatment for EGWs. This article reviews the transmission and clinical presentation of EGWs, describes the use of sinecatechins ointment 15% as one patient -applied treatment option and discusses implications for nurses.     

超临界CO2提取的百合挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

目的 研究百合挥发油化学成分。方法 采用超临界CO₂提取方法,GC-MS联用技术鉴定百合挥发油成分,并用峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果 超临界CO₂流体萃取法提取的挥发油共鉴定出50种成分,占挥发油总成分的72.96%。结论 超临界提取百合挥发油成分多、效率高,与水蒸气蒸馏提取出的挥发油成分有差异。